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江苏省二级VB常用算法(十)字符处理(统计与加密)- -

VB常用算法(十)字符处理(统计与加密)- -

曹苏群  http://caosuqun.bokee.com

Tag统计    加密    字符处理    算法                                          

1、算法说明

1)        加密解密

 

最简单的加密方法是:将每个字母加一序数,例如5,这时:

“A”→”F”,”a” →”f”,”B” →”G”,”b” →”g”……”Y” →”D”, ”y” →”d”,”Z” →”E”, ”z” →”e”

解密是加密的逆操作。

界面如下:

 

代码如下:

                  Option Explicit

 

                  Private Sub Command1_Click()

                        Dim strInput$, Code$, Record$, c As String * 1

                        Dim i%, length%, iAsc%

                        strInput = Text1.Text

                        length = Len(Trim(strInput))

                        Code = ""

                        For i = 1 To length

                              c = mid(strInput, i, 1)

                              Select Case c

                                   Case "A" To "Z"

                                         iAsc = Asc(c) + 5

                                         If iAsc > Asc("Z") Then iAsc = iAsc - 26

    

                                    Code = Code & Chr(iAsc)

                                   Case "a" To "z"

                                         iAsc = Asc(c) + 5

                                         If iAsc > Asc("z") Then iAsc = iAsc - 26

                                         Code = Code & Chr(iAsc)

                                   Case Else

                                         Code = Code & c

                              End Select

                        Next i

                        Text2.Text = Code

                  End Sub

 

                  Private Sub Command3_Click()

                  Text1.Text = ""

                  Text2.Text = ""

                  Text3.Text = ""

                  Text1.SetFocus

                  End Sub

 

 

 

 

2)        统计

         问题提出

    统计字符或者数字出现的次数。

         算法说明

以字符统计为例,设基本问题如下:

请统计一段文本中英文字母在文本中出现的次数。(不区分大小写)

如:I am a student.

得到:

A:2 d:1 e:1 I:1 m:1 n:1 s:1 t:2 u:1

分析:

由于不区分大小写,因此可定义一个大小为26(下标:025)的数组,每个元素依次记录ABC…Z字母出现的次数。

A(0)存放字母a出现的次数

A(1)存放字母b出现的次数

A(2)存放字母c出现的次数

A(3)存放字母d出现的次数

譬如:aabdc

 

 

代码如下:

    Option Explicit

    Private Sub Command1_Click()

             Dim i As Integer, j As Integer

             Dim zimu(25) As Integer

             Dim allStr As String

             Dim aStr As String

             allStr = UCase(Text1.Text)

             For i = 1 To Len(Text1.Text)

                   aStr = Mid(allStr, i, 1)

                   If aStr >= "A" And aStr <= "Z" Then

                         zimu(Asc(aStr) - Asc("A")) = zimu(Asc(aStr) - Asc("A")) + 1

                   End If

             Next i

             For i = 0 To 25

                   If zimu(i) <> 0 Then

                         j = j + 1

                         Text2.Text = Text2.Text & Chr(i + Asc("A")) & ":" & str(zimu(i)) & " "

                         If j Mod 5 = 0 Then Text2.Text = Text2.Text & Chr(13) & Chr(10)

                   End If

             Next i

    End Sub

 

解题技巧

         熟练运用字符处理函数,对于一些数论题,譬如逆序数等也可将数字通过CStr函数转换为字符后,利用字符处理函数来解题。

2、实战练习

1)        补充代码(2003秋二(8))

         下面程序的功能是统计文件中英文字母(不区分大小写)出现的个数。

                  Option Base 1

                  Private Sub Command1_Click()

                Dim alpha(26) As Integer,n As Integer

                Dim i As Integer,s As String

                Open "c:\kav2003\readme.txt" For Input As #11

                Do While Not EOF(11)

                         s=  1 

             s=UCase(s)

             If s>="A" And s<="Z" Then

                n=  2 

                alpha(n)=alpha(n)+1

             End If

                Loop

                For i=1 To 26

                   If alpha(i)<>0 Then

                      List1.AddItem Chr(i+64)&":"&CStr(alpha(i))

                   End If

                Next i

                Close

                  End Sub

 

2)        补充代码(2000秋二(6))

         下面程序的功能是:统计当前盘当前文件夹中的顺序文件data.txt中共有多少个单词,约定连续出现的字母定义为一个单词。

                Option Explicit

 

                  Private Sub Form_Click()

                           Dim Char() As String, St As String, Tem As String

                           Dim Idx As Integer, Js As Long, Flen As Long

                           Dim F As Boolean, W As String * 1

                             1  

                           Flen = LOF(10)

                           St = Input(Flen, #10)

                           Js = 1

                           Do While Js <= Flen1

                                    W = Mid(St, Js, 1)

                                    If   2   Then

                                             Tem = Tem + W

                                             F = True

                                    ElseIf F = True Then

                                             Idx = Idx + 1

                                             ReDim Preserve Char(Idx)

                                             Char(Idx) = Tem

                                             Tem =  3  

                                             F = False

                                    End If

                                      4  

                           Loop

                           Print "共有"; Idx; "个单词"

                           For Js = 1 To Idx

                                    Print Char(Js)

                           Next Js

                  End Sub